Renewable Heat
The second energy transition sub-pillar, renewable heat, involves heating water, buildings, and industrial processes with carbon-free or carbon-neutral sources that are replenishing and sustainable. Using solar thermal, geothermal, and biomass can replace fossil fuel systems, reducing emissions, improving efficiency, and diversifying heat sources for greater resilience. Expanding renewable heat requires investment in technologies such as solar thermal collectors, geothermal heat pumps, and biomass boilers, supported by subsidies, grants, and low-interest loans. Policies that integrate renewable heating into building codes and industrial processes, along with public–private collaboration and community education, are essential to accelerate adoption.
Solutions Pathways for Renewable Heat

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